Therapeutic apheresis in low weight patients: technical feasibility, tolerance, compliance, and risks.

The use of therapeutic apheresis in very low weight patients is generally thought to have limitations, because of possible severe adverse reactions, potential risk related to the extracorporeal procedure, due to the low weight of the young patients. A careful therapeutic approach using appropriate precautions, and also introducing modifications to the standard procedure, can minimise the risk without compromising the efficacy of the plasmapheresis. The aim of the study was to evaluate apheresis tolerance and acceptability in children [Artif. Organs. 21 (1997) 1126] and infants [J. Clin. Apheresis 5 (1989) 21] with inherited lipid metabolism disorder, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), primary hyperlipoproteinemia (lipoprotein phenotype I), and acute leukemia, weighing on average 20.55 kg. One thousand one hundred twenty three aphereses were completed. Three types of apheresis were performed: leukapheresis, plasma exchange, dextran sulphate cellulose (DSC) low density lipoprotein (LDL)-apheresis. Three different types of continuous flow systems were used. Technical adaptation depending on patients blood volume, body mass index, hematocrit, type of system used, permitted us to perform complete aphereses, obtaining a high degree of tolerance and acceptability of the treatment. The use of plasmapheresis is regarded to be an extreme therapeutic measure in children. However, when the need for such treatment is undebatable, plasmapheresis must be done. A well-trained and experienced team can overcome the technical difficulties in order to complete the procedures without complications. The most frequently observed adverse effects are vascular relative access insufficiency (2.0%), and mild hypotension (2.0%).     

A New Harvest Site for Bone Graft in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Revision Surgery

During revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery, femoral interference screws frequently require removal. This may lead to significant tunnel widening and possible graft fixation failure as a result. Solutions include drilling the revision tunnel in a different location, using stacked interference screws, or using bone graft to fill the defect. Autogenous iliac crest graft and allograft are both used, but there are significant comorbidities associated with each. We developed a new technique for harvesting autogenous bone graft that avoids many of the complications associated with other graft sources. By use of the existing surgical incision from the initial harvest of the bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft, bone from the medial tibial metaphyseal safe zone is harvested via an OATS tube harvester (Arthrex, Naples, FL). A bone plug 1 mm larger in size than the femoral defect is harvested and arthroscopically inserted via a press-fit technique. At 3 months after bone grafting, patients undergo revision ACL reconstruction. The proximal tibial metaphysis is a safe bone graft harvest site in revision ACL surgery and offers an effective method for filling large bony defects, allowing anatomic reconstruction of the ACL after bone healing has occurred. Furthermore, it eliminates the problems associated with allograft or use of a remote graft donor site.     

大白鼠皮肤Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度碱烧伤模型复制

目的 根据大白鼠皮肤碱烧伤创面早期病理组织学观察复制Ⅱ、Ⅲ度碱烧伤模型,研究碱烧伤的临床治疗.方法 Wistar纯种健康大白鼠20只,以不同浓度2mol/l、2.5mol/l、5mol/lNaOH,作用时间分别为30秒、45秒、60秒、75秒,涂抹于脱毛后的表皮.结果 2mol/L(60s)、2.5mol/L(45s),5mol/L(30s)即可直接造成Ⅱ度～深Ⅱ度烧伤;2mol/L(75s)、2.5mol/L(60s)、5 mol/L(45s)即可造成Ⅲ度烧伤,其烧伤深度与NaOH溶液浓度和作用时间呈正比.结论 Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度碱烧伤均为渐进性烧伤,与文献中介绍的潜拙样损伤似乎不同.另外,不同浓度NaOH溶液在相同时间对皮肤组织的损伤及同一浓度NaOH溶液在不同时间对大白鼠皮肤的损伤病理学变化均有差异.     

形态学分型困难的白血病24例免疫分型

目的: 应用流式细胞仪对24例临床形态学诊断困难的急慢性白血病进行快速、有效地免疫分型,以指导临床化疗. 方法: 采用单克隆抗体双色直接免疫荧光标记法及多参数流式细胞术(FCM),分型根据抗体积分系统,并与FAB分型进行比较. 结果: ① 9例临床诊断慢性淋巴细胞白血病经FCM免疫分型确诊为B淋巴细胞性白血病;② 5例临床诊断急性淋巴细胞白血病(L2)的患者经FCM免疫分型确诊1例为B淋巴细胞性白血病;2例为T淋巴细胞性白血病,且1例伴红系异常改变; 1例为未分化型白血病;1例为淋巴细胞白血病B,T双表达;③ 5例急性非淋巴细胞性白血病经FCM免疫分型确诊2例为髓系白血病;3例为红白血病(M6);④ 1例MDS伴骨髓纤维化经FCM免疫分型确诊为M6;⑤ 4例疑似粒-淋双表型白血病经FCM免疫分型确诊为粒-淋双表型白血病. 免疫分型与FAB分型的符合率为79.2%. 结论: 流式细胞仪多参数白血病免疫表型分析,可以弥补FAB分型的不足,为临床诊断提供重要依据,并为白血病治疗措施的个体化提供依据.